Medicinal plants of India

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Introduction

Traditional medicines are used by about 60 per cent of the world's population. These are not only used for primary health care not just in rural areas in developing countries, but also in developed countries as well where modern medicines are predominantly used. While the traditional medicines are derived from medicinal plants, minerals, and organic matter, the herbal drugs are prepared from medicinal plants only.

Use of plants as a source of medicine has been inherited and is an important component of the health care system in India. In the Indian systems of medicine, most practitioners formulate and dispense their own recipes, hence this requires proper documentation and research. In western world also, the use of herbal medicines is steadily growing with approximately 40 per cent of population reporting use of herb to treat medical illnesses within the past year. Public, academic and government interest in traditional medicines is growing exponentially due to the increased incidence of the adverse drug reactions and economic burden of the modern system of medicine.

There are about 45,000 plant species in India, with concentrated hotspots in the region of Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Island. The officially documented plants with medicinal potential are 3000 but traditional practitioners use more than 6000. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is appropriately called the botanical garden of the world. There are currently about 250 000 registered medical practitioners of the Ayurvedic system (total for all traditional systems: approximately 291 000), as compared to about 700,000 of the modern medicine system. In rural India, 70 per cent of the population is dependent on the traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda.


Medicinal Plants of India

  • Air Plant (Kalanchoe pinnata/ Bryophyllum pinnatum)
  • Arni (Clerodendrum phlomidis)
  • Chitra (Berberis aristata/chitria)
  • Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
  • Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
  • Gaub (Diospyros malabarica)
  • Gulbel (Tinospora cordifolia)
  • Kariyat (Andrographis paniculata)
  • Karvy (Strobilanthes callosus)
  • Mahua (Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia)
  • Rue (Ruta graveolens)
  • Takoli (Dalbergia lanceolaria ssp. lanceolaria)
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