Shigella spp.
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Current revision
Shigella spp.
It is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming rod-shaped bacteria closely related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. It is only naturally found in humans and apes.
| Kingdom | Bacteria |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Proteobacteria |
| Class | Gamma Proteobacteria |
| Order | Enterobacteriales |
| Family | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Genus | Shigella |
Contents |
[edit] Surface Characteristics
Its cell wall contains LPS, a complex macromolecule composed of the biologically active lipid A moiety, covalently attached core oligosaccharide, and distally linked polysaccharide O-side chain. The O-antigen consists of the following residues : -3)-β-D-Quip4NAc-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp [branched to α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)] -(1-->4)-β-D-Galp-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-
[edit] Transmission
Shigella invade the host through epithelial cells of the large intestine. Using a Type III secretion system acting as a biological syringe, the bacterium injects IpaD protein into cell, triggering bacterial invasion and the subsequent lysis of vacuolar membranes using IpaB and IpaC proteins. It utilizes a mechanism for its motility by which its IcsA protein triggers actin polymerization in the host cell (via N-WASP recruitment of Arp2/3 complexes) in a "rocket" propulsion fashion for cell-to-cell spread.
[edit] Pathogenic Activity
It may cause diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, flatulence, and constipation. Shigella is implicated as one of the pathogenic causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.
[edit] Virulence
The stool may contain blood, mucus, or pus. In rare cases, young children may have seizures. Symptoms can take as long as a week to show up, but most often begin two to four days after ingestion. Symptoms usually last for several days but can last for weeks.
