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| - | '''Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari''' took over as Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (Ministry of Science & Technology) and Director General, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research on 12 November 2007.
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| - | Previously he was Director, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (erstwhile Centre for Biochemical Technology), Delhi; a CSIR Institute.
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| - | Before he joined the CSIR family he was a Professor at Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , another premier Scientific Institute of the Country.
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| - | '''Research Achievements and Present Research Interest'''
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| - | '''Major Scientific Achievements'''
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari has demonstrated the structural flexibility of DNA and the role of repetitive sequences in DNA transactions much before the discovery of repeats association with genetic disorders. His work on the structural flexibility of telomeric repeat sequences is one of his many well cited contributions. He has made major contributions in molecular analysis of genetic disorders associated with trinucleotide amplification and repetitive sequence instability. Using a combination of structural biology, computational genomics and population based polymorphism scan ning he and his group have provided a novel structural frame work for understanding the etiology of several neurological disorders. One of the outcomes of these efforts has been the demonstration that loss of triplet repeat interuption as the primary steps in ataxia SCA 2 which is followed by repeat expansion. Dr. Brahmachari and his group also identified a susceptibility locus on chromosome 22 using a novel positional candidate gene approach for Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder patients in the Indian population and have, for the first time, identified a nonsense mutation in synaptogyrin I gene, a component for presynaptic pathway in schizophrenia patients. Recently, he and his coworkers have identified another gene MLC1 associated with Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder. Taking advantage of the genetic diversity of Indian population and the core expertise in structural biology and computation, he has pioneered functional genomics initiative in India and is at present leading the Indian Genome Variation Consortium project towards development of predictive markers for complex disorders and also coordinating a National Network project in In Silico Biology for drug target development.
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari and coworkers have carried out extensive computational analysis of the repetitive sequences in the genome and were one of the first to propose functional role of such sequences. He and his associates have developed novel and unique tools for genome annotation and identification of functional signature for hypothetical proteins in the genome through comparative genomics approach. He has recently developed a novel Comparative Genomics approach to discover unique non- active-site drug targets for pathogenic org anis ms. His group has also developed tools for System Biology Platform. The discovery by Dr. Brahmachari and his associates, by extensive computational analysis, that human miRNA can target critical genes in HIV-1 including nef, which is known to be involved in long term progression of the disease and thus hold potential as antiviral therapeutic has drawn global attention (Petit-Zeeman, S. Nature Rev. Drug Discovery, 2006, 5,5).
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari has also been involved in issues relating to Human Genome Research Ethics and Human Rights. As a member of the Steering Committee of the International Human Rights Commission he has contributed to the formulation of the draft guidelines in terms of benefit sharing by the populations that are the part of the research endeavor as resources of genetic material and has addressed issues of unethical exploitation of genetic resources of the Third world. His contribution in India in promoting genomics research through thrust area development in granting agencies, lectures, courses and human-resource training is very significant. Dr. Brahmachari has contributed significantly in promoting industry -academia interactions through novel program of knowledge partnerships in genomics and bioinformatics.
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| - | '''Knowledge Alliance'''
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari has positioned IGIB as an Institution of Knowledge Generation and Development and established alliances with industries that are experts in production, marketing and wealth generation. GENOMED Alliance and TCGA project are outcomes of such strategy.
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari was the first to conceptualize and implement Genomed, a first-of-its-kind alliance in India between a government Institute and a pharmaceutical company. The allies were Nicholas Piramal India Limited and a CSIR laboratory, namely Centre for Biochemical Technology (CBT) now Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB). This knowledge alliance was dedicated to the study and advancement of genomics, pharmacogenomics and bioinformatics. This model allowed knowledge generation and absorption by industry simultaneously and this was distinctly different from contractual research or technology transfer. The first predictive diagnostic medicine for drug nonresponders of Asthma has been developed. The project has so far filed 2 international patents.
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari also conceptualized the creation of TCGA, " The Centre for Genomic Application ". It is a collaborative R&D project between The Chatterjee Group and IGIB/CSIR/DST that is used as a shared resource for all the research centres in the country, be it public or private. TCGA is a trendsetter in this direction, where a world class high throughput facility / infrastructure required to harness the knowledge coming out Human Genome research is established jointly by industry and the Institute. This facility is allowing IGIB to lead Genomics research in the country by disseminating knowledge, and helping fulfil IGIB's mandate to provide support services for large-scale development of Genomics & Proteomics in the country allowing India to lead, and not to merely follow, in the post genomics era.
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| - | Dr. Brahmachari has shown exemplary scientific leadership and has contributed to the area of Functional Genomics with special emphasis on molecular genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders and functional Genomics in silico. Dr. Brahmachari's scientific contribution has positioned IGIB firmly on the world genome research map.
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| - | '''Dr. Brahmachari's contribution to Institutional Transformation'''
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| - | The relatively unknown Centre for Biochemical Technology of CSIR underwent major transformation over the last 9 years to emerge as a leading Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology. The scientific production and quality grew from 7 publications (Avg. IF 1.01) in 1996 to 70 (Avg. IF 3.33) in 2005 and is expected to reach yet higher in coming years. It also acquired an impressive portfolio of 67 foreign and national patents (and 176 pending patents). IGIB's patent portfolio has caused value realization and IP asset creations and has attracted foreign and national collaborations and project funding. The following are the salient achievements of CBT/IGIB during the last 9 years.
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| - | 1998-
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| - | IGIB established largest clinical network in India
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| - | 2000-
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| - | First Knowledge Alliance 'GenoMed' with NPIL
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| - | 2002-
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| - | G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics established through private funding to attract IT Professionals.
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| - | 2003-
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| - | First Bioinformatics Software of CSIR Commercialized
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| - | 2004-
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| - | Largest Private - Public Partnership "The Centre for Genomic Application (TCGA) " (co-shared facility) established
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| - | 2005-
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| - | First Genomic marker for drug response discovered
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| - | 2005-
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| - | Largest High Performance Computing facility (4.7 tera flops) established
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| - | 2005-
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| - | India 's highest number of co-authored (158) papers published
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| - | 2005-
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| - | First Recombinant Growth Factor drug, REGEN-D, launched (Technology Award 2006)
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| - | HP Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics in Asia .
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| - | 2005-
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| - | IGIB among the World's best Bioinformatics Institutes for developing PML 2 protocol
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| - | 2006-
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| - | First Bioincubator "Eclosion" being established
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| - | 2005-2006
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| - | IGIB attains highest number of papers, total IF, Patents and ECF per scientist
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| - | '''Awards & Honours''':
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| - | National Science Talent Search Scholarship by NCERT ( India ) 1968
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| - | Young Scientist Medal by Indian National Science Academy 1979
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| - | Kani Medal by National Cancer Research Centre, Tokyo , Japan 1981
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| - | Elected Member of Guha Research Conference ( India ) 1986
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| - | Cama Memorial Award, Society of Biological Chemists ( India ) 1990
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| - | Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Sciences, CSIR (India) 1990
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| - | Fellowship of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian Academy of Sciences 1991
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| - | Elected member of Human Genome Organization (HUGO) 1991
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| - | Fellowship of the Indian National Science Academy, Indian National Science Academy 1995
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| - | C. R. Krishnamurthy Oration Award, Society of Biological Chemists ( India ) 1998
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| - | FICCI Award 1998-99 in recognition of individual initiative in Life Sciences including Agriculture, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Ind.
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| - | Millennium Meda, Indian Science Congress 2000
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| - | Fellowship of the National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad 2001
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| - | Ranbaxy Research Award for the year 2001 in the field of "Medical Sciences - Medical Research" Ranbaxy Science Foundation, 2002
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| - | Goyal Prize 2001 in the field of Life Sciences, Kurukshetra University 2003
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| - | B. K. Bachhawat Oration Lecture Award, Jawaharlal Nehru University 2003
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| - | C. R. Krishnamurthy Oration Award, Central Drug and Research Institute 2003
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| - | Elected Council Member, HUGO by Human Genome Organization 2004
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| - | Prof. P.P.K. Bose Memorial Award, Indian Chemical Society 2004
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| - | Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India (BRSI), Biotech Research Society of India 2005
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| - | '''Publications''' (2003 onwards): Complete List of Publications
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| - | 91. Whole Genome Expression Profiles of Yeast RNA Polymerase II Core Subunit, Rpb4, in Stress and Nonstress Conditions. Pillai B, Verma J, Abraham A, Francis P, Kumar Y, Tatu U, Brahmachari SK , Sadhale PP .
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| - | J. Biol Chem. (2003) 278(5): 3339-46.
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| - | 92. A novel complexity measure for comparative analysis of protein sequences from complete genomes. Nandi T, Dash D, Ghai R, Rao CB, Kannan K , Brahmachari SK, Ramakrishnan C, Ramachandran
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| - | J. Biomol Struct Dyn. (2003) 20(5): 657-68.
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| - | 93. Role of histidine interruption in mitigating the pathological effects of long polyglutamine stretches in SCA1: A molecular approach. Sen S., Dash D., Pasha S., and Brahmachari SK
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| - | Protein Science (2003) 12(05): 953-962
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| - | 94. Non-random distribution of Alu elements in genes of various functional categories: insight from analysis of human chromosomes 21 and 22. Deepak Grover, Partha P. Majumder , Chandrika B. Rao, Samir K. Brahmachari , Mitali Mukerji
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| - | Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003 Sep; 20(9): 1420-4. Epub 2003 Jun 27.
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| - | 95. (TG:CA)(n) Repeats in Human Housekeeping Genes. Sharma VK, Rao CB, Sharma A, Brahmachari SK , Ramachandran S.
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| - | J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2003 Oct; 21(2):303-10.
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| - | 96. Arterial oxygen saturation under hypoxic environment of high altitude associates with routine physical activities of natives.M. A. Qadar Pasha, K. S. Kocherlakota, A. P. Khan, T. Norboo, S. K. Grover, M. A. Baig, W. Selvamurthy and S. K. Brahmachari
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| - | Current Science 2003; 85(4):502-506
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| - | 97. Association of high-altitude systemic hypertension with the deletion allele-of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene.Kumar R, Qadar Pasha MA, Khan AP, Gupta V, Grover SK, Norboo T, Srivastava KK, Selvamurthy W, Brahmachari SK
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| - | Int J Biometeorol 2003; 48(1):10-14
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| - | 98. Hairpin-duplex equilibrium reflected in the A-->B transition in an undecamer quasi-palindrome present in the locus control region of the human beta-globin gene cluster.Kaushik M, Kukreti R, Grover D, Brahmachari SK , Kukreti S.
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| - | Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Dec; 1; 31(23):6904-15
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| - | 99. Recognition and analysis of protein coding genes in severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus.Sharma R, Maheshwari JK, Prakash T, Dash D, Brahmachari SK .
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| - | Bioinformatics. 2004 May; 20(7): 1074-80
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| - | 100. Alu repeat analysis in the complete human genome: trends and variations with respect to genomic composition. Grover D, Mukerji M, Bhatnagar P, Kannan K, Brahmachari SK .
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| - | Bioinformatics. 2004 Apr; 20(6): 813-17
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| - | 101. A nonsense mutation in the synaptogyrin 1 gene in a family with schizophrenia.Verma R, Chauhan C, Saleem Q, Gandhi C, Jain S, Brahmachari SK.
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| - | Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 15; 55(2):196-9
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| - | 102. CoPS: Comprehensive Peptide Signature Database. Tulika Prakash, Mamta Khandelwal, Dipayan Dasgupta, Debasis Dash*, Samir K. Brahmachari.
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| - | Bioinformatics. 2004 Nov 1; 20(16):2886-8
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| - | 103. Identification of a novel 45 repeat unstable allele associated with a disease phenotype at the MJD1/SCA3 locus. Padiath QS, Srivastava AK, Roy S, Jain S, Brahmachari SK .
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| - | Am. J Med Genet. 2004 Sep 29; [Epub ahead of print]
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| - | 104. Evolution and distribution of RNA polymerase II regulatory sites from RNA polymerase III dependent mobile Alu elements. Ravi Shankar, Deepak Grover, Samir K. Brahmachari and Mitali Mukerji
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| - | BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004, 4(1):37 (4 Oct 2004).
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| - | 105. Clusters of proteins in archaeal and bacterial proteomes using compositional analysis. Nandi T, Brahmachari SK , Kannan K, Ramachandran S.
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| - | In Silico Biol. 2004;4(4):573-91.
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| - | 106. Conformational Analysis of Invariant Peptide Sequences in Bacterial Genomes Tulika, Prakash, C.Ramakrishnan, Debasis Dash and Samir K. Brahmachari *
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| - | J Mol Biol. 2005 Feb 4; 345(5):937-55.
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| - | 107. Assessing natural variations in gene expression in humans by comparing with monozygotic twins using microarrays.Sharma A, Sharma VK, Horn-Saban S, Lancet D, Ramachandran S, Brahmachari SK .
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| - | Physiol Genomics. 2005 Mar 21; 21(1):117-23.
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| - | 108. Comparative analysis of chromatin landscape in regulatory regions of human housekeeping and tissue specific genes.Ganapathi M, Srivastava P, Das Sutar SK, Kumar K, Dasgupta D, Singh GP, Brahmachari V, Brahmachari SK .
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| - | BMC Bioinformatics. 2005 May 26; 6(1):126.
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| - | 109. Sharma VK, Brahmachari SK , Ramachandran S.(TG/CA)n repeats in human gene families: abundance and selective patterns of distribution according to function and gene length.
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| - | BMC Genomics. 2005 Jun 3; 6(1):83.
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| - | 110. Ritushree Kukreti, Pallav Bhatnagar, Chandrika BRao, Simone Gupta, Babita Madan, Chinmoyee Das, Randeep Guleria, Amita Umesh Athavale, Samir Kumar Brahmachari & Balaram Ghosh.. 2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and response to salbutamol among Indian asthmatics.
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| - | Pharmacogenomics. Jun 2005; 6(4): 399-410.
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| - | 111. R. Verma, M. Mukerji, D. Grover, C. B-Rao, S. Das, S. Kubendran, S. Jain, S.K. Brahmachari. MLC1 Gene Is Associated with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in Southern India .
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| - | Biological Psychiatry. 2005; 58(1):16-22.
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| - | 112. Grover D , Kannan K , Brahmachari SK , Mukerji M . ALU-ring elements in the primate genomes.
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| - | Genetica. 2005 Jul;124(2-3):273-89.
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| - | 113. Ritushree Kukreti, Sudipta Tripathi, Pallav Bhatnagar, Simone Gupta, Chitra Chauhan, Shobhana Kubendran, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Sanjeev Jain, S amir K. Brahmachari. Association of DRD2 gene variant with schizophrenia.
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| - | Neurosci Lett. 2005 Sep 21; [Epub ahead of print].
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| - | 114. Manoj Hariharan, Vinod Scaria, Beena Pillai, Samir K. Brahmachari .Targets for human encoded microRNAs in HIV genes.
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| - | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 7;337(4):1214-1218.
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| - | 115. The Indian Genome Variation Consortium (158 authors) S.K. Brahmachari et.al .
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| - | The Indian Genome Variation database (IGVdb): a project overview.
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| - | Hum Genet. 2005; 118: 1-11.
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| - | 116. Verma R, Kubendran S, Das SK, Jain S, Brahmachari SK . SYNGR1 is associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in southern India .
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| - | J Hum Genet. 2005;50(12):635-40 .
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| - | 117. Simone Gupta , Sanjeev Jain , Samir K Brahmachari & Ritushree Kukreti. Pharmacogenomics: a path topredictive medicine for schizophrenia.
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| - | Pharmacogenomics. 2006 Jan;7(1):31-47.
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| - | 118. Guzman MR , Liquier J , Brahmachari SK , Taillandier E . Characterization of parallel and antiparallel G-tetraplex structures by vibrational spectroscopy.
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| - | Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2005 Dec 26; [Epub ahead of print].
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